ABSTRAKSalah satu jenis organisme laut yang berpotensi cukup besar dan berpeluang mengandung senyawa aktif adalah spons. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan menguji toksisitas ekstrak etil asetat spons Calthropella sp. asal zona intertidal Pantai Krakal, Gunungkidul. Isolasi dilakukan melalui metode maserasi dengan pelarut metanol:diklorometana 1:2 (v/v). Ekstrak diklorometana diuapkan dan dipartisi dengan etil asetat:air (3:2 v/v). Ekstrak etil asetat dipisah dan diuapkan hingga diperoleh ekstrak kental. Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi farmakologi ekstrak etil asetat. Isolasi menghasilkan ekstrak kental coklat kekuningan bermassa 217.5 mg. Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan potensi toksik (LC 50 = 105.38 μg/mL). 71,1; 86,4; 69,3; 88,8; 78,7; 97,5; and 100,2 mg. BSLT showed the LC 50 value of the ethyl acetate fractions on toxic and very toxic category.

Objective: This study was taken to examine the cytotoxicity of the bioactive fraction isolated from marine sponge Calthropella sp. as a preliminary anticancer assay and identify its bioactive compounds.Methods: The cytotoxic activity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay against three human cancer cell lines, namely human breast (MCF-7), human lung (H-460), and human liver (HepG-2). The bioactive compounds were identified using a high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS).Results: The active fraction 7 showed moderate to strong cytotoxic activity on all cell lines tested and promising a strong potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 value as low as 1.925 μg/mL comparable to control, cisplatin (IC50 0.977 μg/mL). In regard to the promising bioactive compounds, the high-resolution LC–MS predicted the existing of several known compounds such as bengamide Q, clavepictine A, 4’-N-methyl-5’- hydroxystaurosporine, carteriofenone A, and one strong possibility of a new compound.Conclusion: This study has revealed that the isolated bioactive fraction of Indonesian tidal sponge, Calthropella sp., possesses potential anticancer properties with a promising significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 1.925 μg/mL).

Oligosaccharide compounds (FOS, GOS) have gained huge commercial interest due to their beneficial properties in human health as prebiotics. This study aims to isolate the oligosaccharides compounds and investigate the prebiotic potential of Indonesian local honey from Apis spp. (KR) and Trigona spp. (KL) honey bees. The isolation of oligosaccharides was done utilizing the adsorption activity of activated carbon. The qualitative assay to investigate the oligosaccharides was performed by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) method. The isolated oligosaccharides was determined quantitatively by the Phenol-Sulphuric Acid method (Total Sugar) and dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) methods (Reducing Sugar). The total sugar content from oligosaccharides of KR and KL were 1287.82±3.11 mg/L and 336.54±0.00 mg/L respectively. The reducing sugar content from oligosaccharides of KR and KL were 387.33±8.08 mg/L and 144.67±8.08 mg/L. The in vitro analysis of prebiotic activity was performed by Bacterial Growth Assay and Total Plate Counting from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum on each 0, 24, and 48 hours. The Total Plate Counting showed that the maximum bacterial growth on Lactobacillus acidophilus for KR was (8.00±0.28) 108 cfu/mL after 24 hours and (7.35±0.78) 108 cfu/mL for KL after inoculated for 48 hours.

learning process is the most important part which will influence for the next hour of learning. This study aims to develop assess the quality of bilingual web-based of chemistry apperception in acids bases and buffer topics. The model used was a descriptive procedural model. Developed product was guided by two supervisors and got input from content experts, media experts, and peer reviewers. The quality of product was assessed by six high school chemistry teachers, based on 4 assessment components: 1) feasibility of contents, 2) linguistic, 3) aesthetics, and 4) software engineering. The result of this assessment was qualitative data, which tabulated and analyzed using the standard of ideal assessment criteria to determine the quality of product. The result of this research is a chem apperception website, containing chemistry apperception in acids bases and buffer topic. The quality of the product scored 119.167 with percentage 85.12%. As listed on ideal assessment criteria, a very good quality ranged on score X > 117.601, so it could be concluded that the product has a very good quality. Thus, it can be used as an alternative reference for chemistry teacher to find ideas, to design, and to do their chemistry apperception in the learning process.