Abstract-We previously demonstrated a differential activation of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) pathway in male and female deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, with the male rats exhibiting marked alterations in vascular and pressor responses to ET-1 and Suc-[Glu, 9 Ala 11,15 ]-ET-1(8-21) (IRL-1620), an ET B agonist. Mechanisms underlying these gender differences are unclear, and we hypothesized that the ovarian hormones attenuate vascular ET B responses in female DOCA-salt rats. Female Wistar rats were randomized in 3 groups: sham-operated, ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX plus hormone replacement with estradiol (E) or estradiol/progesterone (EP). Two weeks later, rats were uninephrectomized and further randomized in DOCA-salt (subcutaneous injections of desoxycorticosterone and drinking water containing NaCl/KCl) and control normotensive (subcutaneous injections of vehicle and tap water). Blood pressure was evaluated both by direct and standard tail-cuff methods. Responses to IRL-1620 were evaluated in vivo/in situ in the mesenteric microcirculation. mRNA expression of ET-1 and ET A/B receptors was evaluated in mesenteric arteries by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and expressed relative to GAPDH. OVX-DOCA rats developed a more severe form of hypertension than did DOCA rats. Treatment with E or EP restored blood pressure to levels observed in DOCA rats. In the mesentery, IRL-1620 induced vasodilatation in control rats, a mild vasoconstriction in DOCA rats, and marked vasoconstriction in OVX-DOCA rats. Both E and EP decreased IRL-1620 -induced vasoconstriction in the DOCA group. In the normotensive group, OVX did not change blood pressure or IRL-1620 -induced vasodilation. Removal of the ovaries increased ET-1 mRNA in arteries from DOCA and control rats, although treatment with E or EP reversed these changes. Vascular ET B receptor mRNA levels were greatly enhanced in OVX-DOCA but not OVX-control rats. Hormone replacement with E or EP restored ET B receptor expression in the DOCA group. A greater blood pressure-lowering effect of bosentan (ET A /ET B blocker) was observed in OVX-DOCA rats. The observation that OVX worsens hypertension as well as the altered ET B receptor-mediated responses and the effects of bosentan in female DOCA rats supports our suggestion that the ovarian hormones modulate ET-1/ET B receptor vascular responses/expression in DOCA-salt hypertension. Key Words: deoxycorticosterone Ⅲ vasoconstriction Ⅲ endothelin Ⅲ estrogen Ⅲ receptors, endothelin I n deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt hypertension and other experimental models of hypertension, male rats develop an earlier and more severe form of hypertension than do female rats. 1-2 We have recently suggested that differential activation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) pathways, expressed by a functional upregulation of ET B receptors, may play a role in the higher blood pressure (BP) levels observed in male DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. [3][4] We observed that mesenteric arterioles from male but not female DOCA-salt rats display incre...

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência dos sintomas da depressão e suas associações com características sociais, econômicas, comportamentais, psicológicas e obstétricas no pó-parto imediato. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e probabilístico, realizado com 204 puérperas no pós-parto imediato, atendidas em um hospital público na cidade de Barra do Garças-MT, Brasil, no período de agosto de 2015 a junho de 2016. A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi avaliada através da Escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo (EPDS), com escore ≥ 10. Os dados foram analisados com auxilio do programa EPI-INFO® versão 7.1.5.0. As associações foram feitas por meio dos testes Exato de Fisher, Mantel-Haenszel, Razão de Chances (Odds Ratio), sendo adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por puérperas com idades entre 18 e 42 anos, sendo a maioria composta por mulheres jovens com média de 25 anos (±5,32). Na análise multivariada os fatores com indicativo de associação foram: ingestão de álcool nos três primeiros meses de gestação (OR=1,99; IC95%=0,65-6,09), uso de tabaco (OR=10,80; IC95%=2,13-54,60), problema mental familiar (OR=4,34; IC95%=1,56-12,09), sofrer violência psicológica ou emocional (OR=2,57; IC95%=1,04-6,36), sogra interferir nos cuidados com o bebê (OR=4,21; IC95%=1,65-10,78) e o tipo de moradia (OR=2,79; IC95%=1,13-6,87). Conclusão: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos no puerpério imediato foi elevada (24,51%). Além disso, adverte-se para um forte indicativo de associação entre sintomas da depressão pós-parto e o uso de tabaco, ter familiar com problema mental, a sogra interferir nos cuidados do recém-nascido, morar de aluguel e sofrer violência psicológica/emocional. DESCRITORES: Transtornos Mentais. Depressão Pós-Parto. Prevalência.

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We determined if the increased vascular responsiveness to endothelin-1 (ET-1) observed in male, but not in female, DOCA-salt rats is associated with differential vascular mRNA expression of ET-1 and/ or ET A /ET B receptors or with functional differences in Ca 2+ handling mechanisms by vascular myocytes. Uninephrectomized male and female Wistar rats received DOCA and drinking water containing NaCl/KCl. Control rats received vehicle and tap water. Blood pressure and contractile responses of endothelium-denuded aortic rings to agents which induce Ca 2+ influx and/or its release from internal stores were measured using standard procedures. Expression of mRNA for ET-1 and ET A /ET B receptors was evaluated by RT-PCR after isolation of total cell RNA from both aorta and mesenteric arteries. Systolic blood pressure was higher in male than in female DOCA rats. Contractions induced by Bay K8644 (which activates Ca 2+ influx through voltage-operated L-type channels), and by caffeine, serotonin or ET-1 in Ca 2+ -free buffer (which reflect Ca 2+ release from internal stores) were significantly increased in aortas from male and female DOCAsalt compared to control aortas. DOCA-salt treatment of male, but not female, rats statistically increased vascular mRNA expression of ET-1 and ET B receptors, but decreased the expression of ET A receptors. Molecular up-regulation of vascular ET B receptors, rather than differential changes in smooth muscle Ca 2+ handling mechanisms, seems to account for the increased vascular reactivity to ET-1/ET B receptor agonists and higher blood pressure levels observed in male DOCA-salt rats.