ACtn3 e desempenho esportivo: um gene candidato ao sucesso em provas de curta e longa duração
ACTN3 gene and sports performance: a candidate gene to success in short and long duration eventsResumo -O presente estudo revisou evidências acerca da relação entre o polimorfismo R577X do gene ACTN3 e o desempenho esportivo. Foram acessados estudos na base Pubmed através das palavras-chave: ACTN3 gene e sports performance. O gene ACTN3 codifica para uma proteína presente nas fibras musculares esqueléticas tipo II, a α-actinina-3. A maioria dos estudos demonstra uma relação entre a presença da α-actinina-3 e a capacidade de geração de força muscular. Porém, estudos recentes apontam que a ausência da forma funcional dessa proteína pode regular a utilização de substratos durante o exercício, priorizando o metabolismo oxidativo, poupando glicogênio muscular e favorecendo o desempenho em atividades de longa duração. Porém, ainda são necessários mais estudos envolvendo humanos para elucidar melhor esse papel metabólico. Palavras-chave: ACTN3; Desempenho esportivo; Genética; Metabolismo aeróbio.Abstract -The aim of the present study was to review the evidence on the relationship between the R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene and sports performance. The Pubmed database was searched using ACTN3 gene AND sports performance as keywords. The ACTN3 gene encodes a muscle-specific protein, called α-actinin-3, which is only present in type II fibers. Most studies have demonstrated a relationship between the presence of α-actinin-3 and the ability of muscle to generate force. However, recent studies suggest that the absence of the functional form of this protein may regulate substrate utilization during exercise, giving priority to oxidative metabolism, sparing muscle glycogen, and improving performance in long-duration events. Nevertheless, further studies involving humans are needed to better understand the metabolic role of this protein.
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