This paper reports the findings of a two-year project on the relationship between a university community and its sanitation issues, the potential benefits of decentralized urban sanitation, and methods for transforming university culture regarding these topics. Using a public university in Mexico City as a case study, the research included three phases: diagnosis, training, and promotion; design and building a dry toilet prototype; and evaluation. The phases were facilitated through interdisciplinary participatory methodologies. Our approach achieved a significant socio-technical transformation. We also discovered great interest in alternative sanitation systems within Mexico City. This research may help inform interdisciplinary and participatory interventions involving these systems.

Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) calls for sustainable urban sanitation services for all, but the definitions of “inclusion” and “sustainability” within the framework leave room for interpretation. This study aims to provide an initial understanding of how these terms are currently interpreted by a range of sanitation actors in six cities of the Global South. Urban sanitation professionals from private (n = 16), public (n = 28), non-governmental (n = 43), and academic (n = 10) institutions were interviewed using a standardized tool, and data was analyzed to identify themes and trends. Terms such as “everyone” or “for all” shed little light on how to ensure inclusion, though disabled people, women, children, and the poor were all highlighted when probed. Greater specificity of beneficiary groups in policy is likely to enhance their visibility within sanitation service provision. All three pillars of sustainability identified within CWIS were referenced, with different stakeholders focusing more closely on environmental, social, or economic sustainability, based on their organizational goals and interests. Greater collaboration may foster a balanced view across the pillars, with different organizations acting as champions for each one. The findings can facilitate discussions on a shared understanding of multi-stakeholder engagement in achieving inclusive and sustainable sanitation service provision.