Oxidation of [N(n-Bu(4))](2)[B(9)H(9)] with oxygen in a mixture of dimethoxyethane and CH(2)Cl(2) leads to salts of the [B(7)H(7)](2-) dianion. This is the first convenient synthesis for a seven-vertex hydro-closo-borate anion. Protonation with NEt(3)·HCl resulted in salts of the [B(7)H(8)](-) monoanion. Both closo-borate anions were isolated and characterized by (1)H, (1)H{(11)B}, (11)B, and (11)B{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent (1)H{(11)B}, (11)B, and (11)B{(1)H} NMR spectra of [B(7)H(8)](-) were also measured. The structure of [B(7)H(7)](2-) as well as of [B(7)H(8)](-) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

No abstract

No abstract

Modelling flow and mass transfer of thermal separation equipment constitutes one of the most challenging tasks in fluids process engineering. The difficulty of this task comes from the multiscale multiphase flow phenomena in rather complex geometries. Both analysis of flow and mass transfer on different scales as well as validation of models and simulation results require advanced experimental and measurement techniques. As a follow-up to intensive discussions during the 2019 Tutzing Symposium ''Separation Units 4.0'' a wide set of available modern experimental technologies is presented.

A bench-top device that can be used to perform fluid dynamic gauging measurements of soft solid layers with zero net liquid discharge and potentially under aseptic (closed system) conditions is demonstrated. Testing results are presented for Newtonian liquids with a range of viscosities: deionised water, 8 wt% and 10 wt% sucrose solutions, 18 wt% glycerol/water solutions and a paraffin oil (1.12-1000 mPa s). The experimental data for discharge coefficient, C d , against clearance/nozzle throat diameter, h/d t , gave good agreement with CFD simulations and the correlation presented by Tuladhar et al. [1]. The influence of surface roughness was studied by making measurements on a series of commercial sandpapers. The rough surfaces gave rise to systematic differences in C d from those obtained with smooth substrates which could not be corrected for using the height of the asperity peaks and careful calibration is therefore required when gauging rough surfaces. Ein Laboranalysemethode zur Messung der Schichtdicke von weichen Feststoffablagerungen mit Hilfe des Fluid Dynamic Gauging wird vorgestellt. Dabei wird im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Anwendungen kein Fluid aus dem System entnommen, was einen aseptischen Betrieb ermöglicht. Erste Ergebnisse werden gezeigt für Newtonische Flüssigkeiten in einem weiten Viskositätsbereich: entionisiertes Wasser, 8 Gew.-% and 10 Gew.-% Zuckerlösung, 18 Gew.-% Glyzerin/Wasser-Lösung und ein Paraffinöl (1,12-1000 mPa s). Die experimentellen Daten für die Abhängigkeit des dimensionslosen Massenstrom C d vom Verhältnis Abstand/Düsendurchmesser h/d t , zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit CFD-Simulationen und der von Tuladhar et al. [1] präsentierten Korrelation.