Isolated CCAVB is associated with a long-term risk for the development of DCM. Risk factors may be SSA/SSB antibodies, increased heart size at initial evaluation and the absence of pacemaker-associated improvement.
The technical aspects and clinical application of percutaneous DS has changed in the last two decades. DS has become a practical and safe therapy in a subgroup of neonates with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow.
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