This study was to analyse the efficiency and effectiveness of provincial road infrastructure performance Yogyakarta Province. The indicators of the efficiency measurement are congestion level, road maintenance, rehabilitation and improvement and the cost. Using the data envelopment analysis method, there was an only one out of fourteen road segment that is fully efficient. On average the efficiency level was quite low that is 34.9 percent due to equally treated system by local government regardless its utilization level. Whereas the effectiveness of road performance is measured by the satisfaction level using indicator of value for time and money, comfort and convenience, safety aspect, travel amenities and road signs. The satisfaction level of road user toward performance of the most efficient road segment is relatively high that is 73.73%. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi dan efektivitas kinerja prasarana jalan provinsi di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Indikator pengukuran efisiensi adalah tingkat kemacetan, pemeliharaan jalan, rehabilitasi dan perbaikan, dan biaya. Dengan menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis, hanya terdapat satu dari empat ruas jalan yang paling efisien. Rata-rata tingkat efisiensinya cukup rendah yaitu 34.9 persen disebabkan pemerintah memberikan perlakuan sama terhadap semua ruas jalan terlepas dari tingkat utilisasi ruas jalan. Sedangkan efektivitas kinerja jalan diukur dengan tingkat kepuasan menggunakan indikator nilai uang dan waktu, kenyamanan, keamanan, kemudahan dan fasilitas jalan. Tingkat kepuasan pengguna jalan terhadap kinerja ruas jalan yang paling efisien relatif tinggi yakni 73.73%.

Indonesian students have lagged behind their global peers since before the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the risk of significant loss and permanence of the phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries, along with the particularly lengthy period of school closure in Indonesia, this paper aims to give an insight into the discussion on student learning progress during school closures. We will present the impact of the closures on primary school students’ achievement in Bukittinggi, the third-largest city on the island of Sumatra and a highly urbanised area. The city has consistently performed well in most education-related measures due to a strong cultural emphasis on education and a supportive government (Nihayah et al., 2020), but has been significantly affected during the pandemic as most students are confined to their homes with very limited teacher-student interaction.

We study how information delivered by teachers to parents on students’ learning progress and guidelines for active involvement in children's education can improve learning outcomes. We conducted a randomized control trial experiment in 130 primary schools in Kebumen District, Central Java, Indonesia. The implementation of the intervention collided with the school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adding to the significance of this intervention to help parents in undertaking learning from home. We find that the intervention increased parental involvement at home and communication with teachers. The information also improved parental demand to teachers which increased teachers’ motivation and support in students’ learning. However, the positive impacts on parents and teachers did not translate into improved student numeracy test scores. Further investigation revealed that parents' low capability to teach their children and the lack of right support given by teachers to students during learning from home hindered the impact on learning outcomes.

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