The competitive protein-binding radioassay (CPB method) of Murphy (1967) has been adapted to determine total cortisol levels in the plasma of the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Validation of the method for this species depended in part on the development of a chromatographic\p=m-\fluorimetrictechnique for eel cortisol, following classical procedures and using radioactive tracers; by this means, the specificity of the CPB method for cortisol in eel plasma was established. Accuracy, precision and sensitivity of the CPB method were also investigated and were shown to be satisfactory.Plasma total cortisol levels were determined in eels during osmotic adjustments after transfers from fresh water (FW) to sea-water (SW) and vice versa, and from FW to distilled water. Plasma osmotic pressure and/or sodium levels were monitored simultaneously, to follow the progress of osmotic regulation. In only one of the transfer situations did the plasma cortisol level change significantly, showing a marked transitory increase during the first few days after transfer from FW to SW, corresponding to the development and correction of an 'osmotic crisis'. Plasma cortisol levels were the same in eels adapted for long periods to FW and to SW. Plasma cortisol fell to extremely low levels after hypophysectomy.These results are discussed in the light of the literature on hormonal control of osmoregulatory mechanisms in the eel, with particular emphasis on the role of adrenocorticosteroids in ionic regulation of animals in SW.