Aerobic exercise training without significant weight loss improves metabolic profile and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in patients with type 2 DM.

No abstract

It remains questionable whether long-term exercise can decelerate the development of carotid atherosclerosis. Perhaps increased physical activity suppresses the overall cardiovascular risk and hence curtails the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. If carotid artery disease is regarded as a coronary artery disease equivalent, it is reasonable to recommend similar patterns of physical activity in patients with subclinical or manifest carotid atherosclerosis as for those with coronary atherosclerosis.

Aims/hypothesis It is argued that GFR estimation (eGFR) using cystatin C-based equations (eGFRcys) is superior to that using creatinine-based equations (eGFRcre). We investigated whether eGFRcys are superior to eGFRcre in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods GFR was measured in 448 type 2 diabetic patients using 51 Cr-EDTA-measured GFR (mGFR) as the reference standard. Bias, precision and accuracy of eGFRcys and eGFRcre were compared. Results The most accurate eGFRcre equation (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]), which produced the highest proportion of estimates that were within 30% and 10% of the reference standard (80.7% and 38.0% of samples, respectively) had a bias of 7.1 and precision of 12.0 ml min −1 1.73 m −2 . The calibrated eGFRcys with the highest accuracy (Tan-C), which produced the highest proportion of estimates that were within 30% (78.8%) and within 10% (39.0%) of the reference standard had a bias of −3.5 and precision of 18.0 ml min ) and moderate (mGFR <60 ml min −1 1.73 m −2