Covert human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication was ongoing during the first 3 years of aviremia in 22 patients, as determined by detection of DNA containing two long terminal repeats (2LTR DNA). Although total HIV DNA was detected in 60 2LTR DNA-negative samples, the absence of 2LTR DNA in 90% of patients following 7 to 8 years of highly active antiretroviral therapy suggests suppression of cryptic viral replication.
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