No abstract

No abstract

patients who had COVID-19 and got vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 infection is still evolving.Further studies to elucidate the mild to moderate cutaneous reactions to vaccines are warranted.

AIMTo investigate possible age-related changes in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the human cornea. The substances today called GAGs were previously referred to as mucopolysaccharides.METHODSSamples of human cornea were taken from 12 younger (age 21 ± 1.2) and 12 older (age 72 ± 1.6) male subjects. Samples were weighed, homogenized, and used for biochemical and molecular analyses. All the quantitative results were statistically analyzed.RESULTSThe human cornea appears to undergo age-related changes, as evidenced by our biochemical and molecular results. The total GAG and hyaluronic acid counts were significantly higher in the younger subjects than in the older subjects. The sulfated heavy GAGs, such as chondroitin, dermatan, keratan, and heparan sulfate, were lower in the younger subjects than in the older subjects.DISCUSSIONGAGs of the human cornea undergo numerous age-related changes. Their quantity is significantly altered in the elderly in comparison with younger subjects. GAGs play an important role in age-related diseases of the human cornea.

In general, the use of reflectance confocal microscopy in diseases of the dermis is hampered because of the laser depth penetration limits (~250 µm). 5 In our case, it allowed the detection in the upper dermis of bright structures of different sizes corresponding to the dense lymphohistiocytic infiltrate: the small pinpoint particles likely correlate with lymphocytes, whereas the larger pleomorphic cells with epithelioid histiocytes. Although the dermal infiltrate of epithelioid histiocytes is not specific of CGPD, it is highly suggestive of a granulomatous disease. In conclusion, we have reported the dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy features of CGPD. These techniques, combined with the clinical features, may be useful to narrow down the differential diagnosis, possibly limiting, in selected cases, the need for skin biopsy. Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis is a benign and self-limiting condition, and a prompt diagnosis is important to avoid overtreatment.