Background: Vaginitis is an inflammatory process involving the vagina, expanding often to the contiguous anatomical structures (cervix and vulva). From an etiological point of view, there are mainly two types of vaginitis: specific vaginitis (due to pathogenic microorganisms) and non-specific vaginitis (also defined vaginosis), usually caused by an alteration (disruption) of the normal vaginal microflora, usually represented by the presence of Lactobacilli due to opportunist bacteria proliferation. Whereby, the first line therapeutic approach for vaginosis (which is frequently subject to self-medication) should be focused on rebalancing the flora and not on antimicrobials, reserving the latter to persistent cases that are properly characterized by appropriate microbiological tests. A new medical device is available in different formulations for the local treatment of vaginitis and, in addition, of irritative-dystrophic states of the vaginal area.