In this paper we propose novel advantage distillation and reconciliation approaches for secret key agreement (SKA) over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) (possibly fading) channels, using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) constellations. For advantage distillation Bob selects bits having an absolute log-likelihood ratio (LLR) larger than some threshold. For reconciliation, Alice transmits the syndrome of the selected bits with respect to a globally pre-shared forward error correcting (FEC) code. We show that the syndrome transmission does not diminish the advantage of Bob over Eve on the key knowledge, thus being an efficient solution. For the proposed scheme we derive both a lower bound on the achievable secret key rate with ideal wiretap coding, and the effective throughput achieved by using practical codes
In questo lavoro si propone un'analisi delle caratteristiche occupazionali della po-polazione straniera in Italia rispetto ai cittadini nazionali, confrontando i mesi di epidemia COVID-19 con i precedenti. L'analisi si avvale dei microdati della Forze di Lavoro ISTAT fino al secondo trimestre 2020. La banca dati è arricchita dalla Indagine Campionaria sulle Professioni INAPP che permette di includere nell'analisi le caratteristiche professionali, tra cui la prossimità con i colleghi, il con-tatto con il pubblico, l'importanza di mansioni di cura e l'esposizione a malattie con le quali è costruito un indicatore sintetico di rischio di contagio da SARS-Cov-2 sul posto di lavoro. Con un modello di probabilità lineare si stimano gli effetti del COVID-19 sulla perdita dell'occupazione e sulla sospensione dell'attività lavorati-va. I risultati mostrano per gli stranieri una maggiore incidenza della perdita di oc-cupazione e una minore sospensione dell'attività nei mesi della pandemia, con ef-fetti maggiori per le donne.
In recent years the number of NEETs has been rising alarmingly and profiling the most fragile individuals among youths can prompt more effective policies. We analyse the trajectories of European NEETs in the decade after the financial crisis, linking the trajectories to precrisis structural features of the countries. Using the EU-SILC to identify patterns in the NEET condition, we estimate a multilevel model to assess the impact of macro-variables on them. The main results show the effect of family support policies, training, labour market flexibilization and economic growth in decreasing the probability of being NEET for a long period of time.
After estimating the impact of wage subsidies and EPL reforms on open ended employment, we single out which macro characteristics are responsible for the variability of the estimated effects at the regional level. We find that the impact of incentives is higher where GDP and VA per head are higher, and the informal economy is limited. Instead, we do not find any heterogeneity and in most cases any impact for the EPL component. We conclude that regions with a stronger economy benefitted more from subsidies, which might exacerbate territorial inequality.
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