Myracrodruon urundeuva is a tree species of high economic importance due the strength and durability of its wood. Threatened of extinction in Brazil, it is present only in a few forest remnants, mostly in conservation units. Currently, there is little information on the genetic diversity of natural populations in Brazil and even less information about the genome of this species. Here, new species-specific microsatellite loci were developed based on next-generation sequencing (Illumina). More than 100,000 loci were identified in the run, with di- to hexanucleotides motifs. Of these, 20 loci were selected for validation in 30 individuals, with 15 successfully polymorphic loci detected. The number of alleles ranged among loci from 3 to 16, with an average of 7.73, expected (H ) and observed (H ) heterozygosity ranged from 0.246 to 0.902 and from 0.103 to 0.867, respectively. These results point out that these new set of markers has a great potential for use in population genetic studies for genetic conservation of the species.

ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi à seleção de espécies e procedências de Pinus para a região de Assis, estado de São Paulo. O teste de espécie e procedências foi instalado na Floresta Estadual de Assis, no delineamento experimental blocos casualizados, com tratamentos representados por espécies (Pinus oocarpa, P. maximinoi e P. tecunumanii) e procedências por espécie, quatro blocos e parcelas quadradas com 49 plantas (7 x 7), no espaçamento de 3 x 2,5 m. Aos 21 anos após o plantio foram mensurados os caracteres: diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), altura total (ALT), volume real individual (VOL) e a taxa de sobrevivência (SOBRE). Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as espécies e procedências de diferentes espécies (p< 0.01) para o caractere SOBRE, indicando a possibilidade de seleção entre espécies e procedências. A divergência genética entre espécies variou entre os caracteres de crescimento de zero a 0,141 e foi de 0,683 para SOBRE, o que indica que a maior parte da variabilidade genética se encontra distribuída dentro das espécies para os caracteres de crescimento e entre espécies para a SOBRE. Foram observadas correlações genéticas e fenotípicas significativas e positivas entre os caracteres DAP e VOL (mínimo de 0,926; p< 0,01) o que indica que a seleção para o DAP vai resultar em um aumento no VOL. Os resultados observados indicam que existem variações genéticas entre as espécies e procedências de diferentes espécies de Pinus para SOBRE e que a o P. oocarpa é mais indicada para o reflorestamento comercial nas condições ambientais de Assis. Palavras-chave: Caracteres quantitativos; melhoramento genético; variação genética. AbstractThe objective of the study was the selection of Pinus species and provenances for the region of Assis, state of São Paulo. The species and provenance test was established at the Assis State Forest, using the randomized blocks design with treatments represented by species (Pinus oocarpa, P. maximinoi and P. tecunumanii) and provenances of the species, four blocks and square plots with 49 plants (7 x 7), at a spacing of 3 x 2.5 m. At 21 years after planting the traits were measured: diameter at breast height (DAP), total height (ALT), individual real volume (VOL) and the survival rate (SOBRE). Significant differences were observed between species and provenances of different species (p< 0.01) for SOBRE, indicating the possibility of selection among species and provenances. The genetic divergence between species varied between growth traits from zero to 0.141, and was 0.683 for SOBRE, indicating that most of the genetic variation is distributed within species for growth traits and between species for SOBRE. Genetic and phenotypic significant and positive correlations were observed between the DAP and VOL (minimum 0.926; p< 0.01) indicating that selection for the DAP will result in an increase in the VOL. The results indicate that there are genetic variations among Pinus species and provenances of different species for SOBRE and P. oocarpa is most suitable for commercial re...

Genetic and phenotypic parameters of fork (BIF), stem form (RET) and diameter at breast height (DBH) for Dipteryx alata provenances and progenies were assessed. The trial was lead in a randomized block design, with 43 treatments (26 and 17 progenies from the municipalities of Três Lagoas and Brasília in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and Distrito Federal, Brazil, respectively) and five plants per plot. The spacing between plants was 3 x 3 meters. The data analysis was performed using the REML/BLUP method (restricted maximum likelihood best linear unbiased prediction). Significant differences were detected between progenies only for DBH. The individual genetic values ranged from 3.7 to 21.7 % for BIF and DBH; genetic variation among progenies ranged from 9 to 10.5 % for BIF and DBH among provenances. Individual heritability in the strict sense was high for DBH (minimum from 0.31), revealing the potential for genetic improvement. Provenance and progenies trial showed genetic variability which can be exploited in forest improvement programs with a broad genetic base.