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Highlights We performed dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) 2 H-MRS in mouse GBM tumors. Marchenko-Pastur PCA denoising of 2 H-MRS spectra improved kinetic quantification. Metabolic kinetics revealed differential glucose pathway fluxes in non-necrotic tumors. Modulation of glucose metabolism reflected tumor heterogeneity (proliferation).

studies from other species 12,13 , we have freely released all data and the generated code.

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Spontaneous fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals correlate across distant brain areas, shaping functionally relevant intrinsic networks. However, the generative mechanism of fMRI signal correlations, and in particular the link with locally-detected ultra-slow oscillations, are not fully understood. To investigate this link, we record ultrafast ultrahigh field fMRI signals (9.4 Tesla, temporal resolution = 38 milliseconds) from female rats across three anesthesia conditions. Power at frequencies extending up to 0.3 Hz is detected consistently across rat brains and is modulated by anesthesia level. Principal component analysis reveals a repertoire of modes, in which transient oscillations organize with fixed phase relationships across distinct cortical and subcortical structures. Oscillatory modes are found to vary between conditions, resonating at faster frequencies under medetomidine sedation and reducing both in number, frequency, and duration with the addition of isoflurane. Peaking in power within clear anatomical boundaries, these oscillatory modes point to an emergent systemic property. This work provides additional insight into the origin of oscillations detected in fMRI and the organizing principles underpinning spontaneous long-range functional connectivity.