and the Army Corps of Engineers. This project benefitted from substantial material and fabrication donations provided by Steel Dynamics Inc., Hirschfeld Industries Bridge Division, Nucor Fastener Division, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Specific training was provided by Vern Mesler of VJM Metal Craftsman in the art of hot riveting steel built up girders. In addition, we acknowledge the essential contributions from staff professionals and graduate students at Purdue University throughout this research.

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The purpose of this document is to provide additional design guidance regarding the fatigue resistance associated with hand holes, manholes, and other inspection access holes typically found in box or tub steel members. The information in this document is based on an independent study conducted at the Robert L. and Terry L. Bowen Laboratory for Large-Scale Civil Engineering Research through the S-BRITE Center at Purdue University. The research described in the current document serves as background to provisions considered for implementation in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification. NOTICE The contents of this document reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation.

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