Sub-optimal attitudes toward people with schizophrenia and severe depression were common among pharmacy students in all countries. New models of pharmacy education are required to address the attitudes and misconceptions among pharmacy students.

The extent to which students held stigmatizing attitudes was similar in each country, however, the determinants of stigma were different. Pharmacy education may need to be tailored to address the determinants of stigma in each country.

No abstract

Frailty was associated with a higher prevalence of analgesic use. As frail older people may be more susceptible to adverse events, careful selection of analgesics is warranted. Clinicians should pay more attention to pain management to ensure adequate pain relief.