scikit-image is an image processing library that implements algorithms and utilities for use in research, education and industry applications. It is released under the liberal Modified BSD open source license, provides a well-documented API in the Python programming language, and is developed by an active, international team of collaborators. In this paper we highlight the advantages of open source to achieve the goals of the scikit-image library, and we showcase several real-world image processing applications that use scikit-image. More information can be found on the project homepage, .

scikit-image is an image processing library that implements algorithms and utilities for use in research, education and industry applications. It is released under the liberal "Modified BSD" open source license, provides a well-documented API in the Python programming language, and is developed by an active, international team of collaborators. In this paper we highlight the advantages of open source to achieve the goals of the scikit-image library, and we showcase several real-world image processing applications that use scikit-image.

Surface coatings and patterning technologies are essential for various physicochemical applications. In this Letter, we describe key parameters to achieve uniform particle coatings from binary solutions: First, multiple sequential Marangoni flows, set by solute and surfactant simultaneously, prevent non-uniform particle distributions and continuously mix suspended materials during droplet evaporation. Second, we show the importance of particle-surface interactions that can be established by surface-adsorbed macromolecules. To achieve a uniform deposit in a binary mixture, a small concentration of surfactant and surface-adsorbed polymer (0.05 wt% each) is sufficient, which offers a new physicochemical avenue for control of coatings. PACS numbers:An evaporating liquid drop, either single or multicomponent, containing solutes or particulates leaves a deposit whose form is determined by various parameters, for instance internal flow fields [1][2][3], liquid compositions [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], and interactions between suspended particles and a solid substrate [11][12][13][14], which are crucial for coating processes. In particular, control of the deposit uniformity and thickness can be important in surface patterning [15][16][17], ink-jet [4,18,19] and 3D printing technologies [20]. These processes are complex because of physicochemical dynamics that arise from Marangoni effects [2, 5-10, 12, 21, 22] and particle deposition mechanisms [11,12,14,23]. In fact, although a binary mixture is used quite often to achieve uniform particle deposition from droplets smaller than 100 µm [4,18,19], to our best knowledge such coatings have not been achieved for larger droplets. Furthermore, while the wetting and dewetting behaviors of binary mixture drops have been investigated [24,25], the relation between the deposition pattern and the evaporatively driven flow field in a binary mixture droplet is incomplete (Table S1, Supporting Information (SI)) [26].In this Letter, to achieve a uniform coating, we identify key characteristics of a multicomponent solution, which consists of a binary mixture, surface-active surfactant, and surface-adsorbed polymer. We were motivated to pursue the ideas here from examining a whisky droplet after drying on an ordinary glass where it creates a relatively uniform particle deposit (see Fig. 1), which is in contrast to the well-known 'coffee-ring stain' [1]. Based on our understanding of the drying and coating mechanisms of binary liquid droplets, whisky droplets, and more complex solution droplets, we design a model liquid that yields nearly uniform deposits by taking the approach that whisky is an ethanol-water mixture containing diverse dissolved molecules, which contribute to the * Electronic address: hastone@princeton.edu complexity of the system, the flows, and the final particle deposits.We begin with a few remarks about whisky, since it serves as a model complex mixture, where nearly uniform particle deposits are observed after drying. Whisky is an alcoholic liquid (ethanol:water, 35:65 % b...

Aqueous colloidal dispersions of silica particles become anisotropic when they are dried through evaporation. This anisotropy is generated by a uniaxial strain of the liquid dispersions as they are compressed by the flow of water toward a solidification front. Part of the strain produced by the compression is relaxed, and part of it is stored and transferred to the solid. This stored elastic strain has consequences for the properties of the solid, where it may facilitate the growth of shear bands, and generate birefringence.

scikit-image is an image processing library that implements algorithms and utilities for use in research, education and industry applications. It is released under the liberal "Modified BSD" open source license, provides a well-documented API in the Python programming language, and is developed by an active, international team of collaborators. In this paper we highlight the advantages of open source to achieve the goals of the scikit-image library, and we showcase several real-world image processing applications that use scikit-image.