Gulliver ( 1875) made an extensive study of the size of the red cells in vertebrates, extending over a period of years. Cullen (1903) gives values for the skate and dogfish, while Cleland and Johnston (1912) reported a considerable series, especially birds. Although Wintrobe (1961) tabulated the results of many investigators on red cell size, there have been relatively few reports of new red cell measurements and many species remain unreported.The size and shape of red cells gives an indication of the surface available for the exchange of gases in respiratory functions. Study of erythrocytes in many different species provides an interesting comparison of red cell size in relation to activities and habits. While collecting specimens for adrenal studies, we were frequently able to make fresh blood smears from the animals. These were air-dried and later stained and studied. The material was obtained in Panama and the

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The cardiac output of the chicken has been measured by the indicator dilution technique and its distribution determined by the indicator distribution technique. The cardiac output is 218 ml/kg/min. The coronary flow fraction is 4.9% of the cardiac output, the renal flow fraction, 15.2% of the cardiac output, and the splanchnic flow fraction, 17.4% of the cardiac output. The perfusion rates of the thyroid and adrenal glands are similar to those found in the rat.

symptoms of adrenal insufficiency could be returned to normal by administering extract. Recently we have completed a series of experiments in which the extract was tested on comatose animals prostrate and on the verge of death from adrenal insufficiency. The extract employed is a modification of the one previously described and is very low in adrenalin and solid content. The cats were bilaterally adrenalectomized and allowed to develop very severe adrenal insufficiency symptoms. At the time of first injection of extract they were prostrate and unable to stand on their feet or move about, and so weak that if placed on their feet they promptly collapsed. The skin was cold and clammy and the rectal temperature down to 95°. The rectal temperature of normal or unilateral operated cats ranges from 101.4 to 102°. Adrenaleetomized cats presenting the symptoms just described live but a few hours and death may occur at any moment. By repeated injections of our purest preparations we have been able to revive such animals and return them to normal condition and to keep them in perfect health by daily injections. The body temperature, blood picture, appetite and strength return to normal. It is a striking experience to one working with the animals to take a comatose cat with death imminent from adrenal insufficiency and by a few injections to revive it so that within seventy hours it has completely recovered and is running and playing about the laboratory apparently none the worse for its hazardous experience.