Cleft lip and palate are complex and known to have multifactorial risk factors with a prevalence of 0.2% in Indonesia. Also, there is no specific data about parental age-related to types of a cleft in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze parental age-related to types of cleft in patients treated by Hayandra Peduli Foundation, Indonesia. The data was collected from 2014 to 2018 from social service held by Hayandra Peduli Foundation. The data collected primarily, and 604 subjects were obtained. The results showed that 81.5% of patients were 0-5 of age, with patients' distribution were 356 male patients and 248 female patients. There was no significant correlation between maternal age and each type of cleft. Furthermore, there was no correlation between paternal age and types of cleft based on maternal group age. For young and ideal maternal group age, their p-value showed no significant correlation (p-value 0.393 for young maternal age and 0.941 for ideal maternal age). Surprisingly, the old maternal group age shows significant results, with a p-value of 0.045. In conclusion, we found that cleft palate will occur in infants born from an aging mother (>35 years old).

Background: Smoking habits had become a culture in various nations in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tobacco use is responsible for the deaths of about six million people worldwide each year. In Indonesia, 32,1% of students had ever used any smoked tobacco product. Purpose of this study is to analyze smoking profile and CO concentration on students. Method: This study was an observational analytic with cross sectional design. Data collection through survey and CO measurements by smokerlyzer CO breath test on 98 students at Sukatani Village, Purwakarta. Results: The proportion of students who smoking was 45,92%, the existence of smokers role model in the family influenced smoking behaviour in those students OR=5,724 (p=0,001). There was significant difference of CO concentration in each group (active smokers, passive smokers, and non-smokers) with p value