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This study investigated the possibility of transforming unsalted pork hydrolysate into a liquid seasoning by studying volatile compound production through yeast fermentation. The yeasts used included a typical soya sauce yeast and three wine yeasts. The yeasts inoculated in the glucose supplementary pork hydrolysate increased by approximately 2.0 log of CFU mL À1 within 24 hours at 30°C without adding salt. Yeast fermentation largely depleted the abundant aldehydes (hexenal) present in unfermented pork hydrolysate to trace levels with the formation of ethanol, corresponding alcohols and carboxylic acids. The wine yeasts showed higher production of fruity esters such as ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, whereas the soya sauce yeast produced more ketones such as acetone and 2-heptanone. This study revealed a potential method of producing a value-added meat hydrolysate from pork by-product.

The objective of this research was to improve the volatile flavour profile of a pork trimming hydrolysate by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. Five probiotic strains and one dairy strain were used. The dominant aliphatic aldehydes (80.90%) in the unfermented hydrolysate were greatly reduced to <15% by converting into respective carboxylic acids and alcohols after fermentation. Strain GG was the only LAB that produced a significant level of succinic acid (1.62 mg mL À1) and ketones (14.92%) (mainly diacetyl and acetoin) in the hydrolysate. Strains 299V and GG showed moderate proteolytic activities as their amino acid content reduced to 126.05 and 219.14 mg per 10 mL compared to the control (316.45 mg per 10 mL) after fermentation, respectively. However, little amino acid-derived volatiles were found in all fermented samples. These findings indicate that LAB fermentation modulates the flavour compounds of pork hydrolysates, which has the potential to be developed to novel flavouring materials.

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Search string details (For EMBASE)('dietary fiber'/exp OR 'alimentary fiber':ti,ab OR 'diet fiber':ti,ab OR 'dietary fiber':ti,ab OR 'dietary fibre':ti,ab OR 'inulin'/de OR 'inuline':ti,ab OR 'pectin'/exp OR 'ispagula'/exp OR 'ispaghul':ti,ab OR 'ispaghula':ti,ab OR 'ispaghula husk':ti,ab OR 'ispagula':ti,ab OR 'isphagula':ti,ab OR 'plantago ovata extract':ti,ab OR 'plantago ovata seed ':ti,ab OR 'plantago seed':ti,ab OR 'plantago seed oil':ti,ab OR 'psyllium':ti,ab OR 'psyllium gum':ti,ab OR 'psyllium hemicellulose':ti,ab OR 'psyllium plantago':ti,ab OR 'psyllium seed':ti,ab OR 'psyllium seed gum':ti,ab OR 'psyllium seed husk':ti,ab OR 'cellulose'/de OR 'whole grain'/exp OR 'unrefined grain':ti,ab OR 'whole grain':ti,ab OR 'whole grains':ti,ab OR 'wholegrain':ti,ab OR 'wholegrains':ti,ab OR 'beta glucan'/exp OR 'beta glucan':ti,ab OR 'beta glucans':ti,ab OR 'beta-glucans':ti,ab OR 'non starch polysaccharide'/de OR 'fructose oligosaccharide'/exp OR 'fructo oligosaccharide' OR 'fructooligosaccharide' OR 'fructose oligosaccharide' OR 'oligofructose' OR 'galactose oligosaccharide'/exp OR 'galacto oligosaccharide':ti,ab OR 'galactooligosaccharide':ti,ab OR 'galactose oligomer':ti,ab OR 'galactose oligosaccharide':ti,ab OR 'oligogalactose':ti,ab OR 'resistant starch'/de OR 'arabinoxylan'/exp OR 'arabinoxylan':ti,ab OR 'xyloarabinan':ti,ab OR 'polydextrose'/de OR 'bran'/exp OR 'bran':ti,ab OR 'prebiotic agent'/exp OR 'prebiotic':ti,ab OR 'prebiotics':ti,ab OR 'lignin'/exp OR 'lignin':ti,ab OR 'lignine':ti,ab OR 'resistant oligosaccharide':ti,ab OR 'resistant dextrin':ti,ab OR 'resistant maltodextrin':ti,ab OR 'indigestible dextrin':ti,ab OR polyfructose:ti,ab OR 'soluble fibre':ti,ab OR 'soluble fiber'/de OR 'insoluble fiber'/de OR 'insoluble fibre':ti,ab) AND ('body composition'/exp OR 'body composition':ti,ab OR 'composition, body':ti,ab OR adiposity:ti,ab OR 'body fat'/exp OR 'body fat':ti,ab OR 'body lipid':ti,ab OR 'fat load':ti,ab OR 'fat, body':ti,ab OR cardiometabolic:ti,ab OR 'metabolic syndrome x'/exp OR 'insulin resistance syndrome':ti,ab OR 'metabolic syndrome':ti,ab OR 'metabolic syndrome x':ti,ab OR 'syndrome x, metabolic':ti,ab OR triglycerides:ti,ab OR 'high density lipoprotein cholesterol'/exp OR 'hdl cholesterol':ti,ab OR 'cholesterol, hdl':ti,ab OR 'high density lipoprotein cholesterol':ti,ab OR 'lipoproteins, hdl cholesterol':ti,ab OR 'blood pressure'/exp OR 'blood pressure':ti,ab OR 'blood tension':ti,ab OR 'pressure, blood':ti,ab OR 'glucose blood level'/exp OR 'blood glucose':ti,ab OR 'blood glucose level':ti,ab OR 'blood serum glucose':ti,ab OR 'blood sugar':ti,ab OR 'blood sugar level ':ti,ab OR 'glucosaemia':ti,ab OR 'glucose blood level':ti,ab OR 'glucose, blood':ti,ab OR 'glucose, plasma':ti,ab OR 'glucosemia':ti,ab OR 'glycaemia':ti,ab OR 'glycemia':ti,ab OR 'plasma glucose':ti,ab OR 'serum glucose':ti,ab OR 'serum sugar':ti,ab OR 'waist circumference'/exp OR 'waist circumference':ti,ab OR 'waist hip ratio'/exp OR 'waist hip ratio':ti,ab OR 'waist to hip ratio':ti,ab OR 'waist-hip ratio'...