The monitoring of radiocaesium in the ecosystems of particular areas in the Czech Republic is necessary even decades following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. We report an evaluation of the radioactive contamination of the meat of wild boars hunted in the Novohradské (Gratzen) Mountains in the period of December 2012 to December 2019. Radionuclide 137Cs is surveyed for food safety as a source of food chain contamination and a possible risk for human health. Overall, 654 samples of game meat from wild boars were analysed for 137Cs activity. The 137Cs legal limit of 600 Bq·kg-1 was exceeded in 238 samples (36.4%) of hunted wild boar meat. Statistical analysis showed that 137Cs activities measured in wild boar muscle in March reached lower values compared to the period from June till November (P < 0.05). Higher values were reported in September (P < 0.05) as well as in August (P < 0.01) compared to December. A significant season-based 137Cs level was found (P < 0.000). Higher 137Cs activities in wild boar in the winter season (November to April) are related to decreasing access to a naturally occurring diet with a lower 137Cs content. The keepers of the wild boar in this area were ordered to comply with obligatory emergency veterinary precautions set by the Regional Veterinary Administration to analyse all hunted game meat for radiocaesium. All wild boars with an above-limit 137Cs value had to be excluded from the food chain by hunting ground keepers and disposed of safely.

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, Ekonomicko-správní fakulta, Masarykova univerzita, Brno ÚvodZákladním požadavkem ekonomie, ke kterému se pravdìpodobnì hlásí valná vìtšina ekonomù, je požadavek zkoumat svìt tak, jak je; v komplexním zkoumání rùzných druhù smìn, které lze ve spoleènosti sledovat, pokroèily ve 20. století pøedevším rùzné proudy institucionální ekonomie èi škola veøejné volby. Základní kursy uvádìjící do studia ekonomie jsou však dosud formovány kánonem ekonomie neoklasické 1 , což výrazným zpùsobem ovlivòuje myšlení i slovník ekonomù.Tržní hospodáøství je i v dnešních kursech ekonomie èasto redukováno na spojovací èlánek mezi výrobou a spotøebou. Z této skuteènosti plyne na jedné stranì získání základní pøedstavy o fungování tržního mechanismu, na stranì druhé ale i následné osvojení si nìkterých pojmù, které pro èást ekonomù pøedstavují nìco jako axiomy, bez nichž by jejich vìda nemohla existovat, které však v sobì ve skuteènosti nesou zásadní zjednodušení reality.Pøístup neoklasikù, tak jak je vyuèován, reprezentuje ekonomickou ortodoxii a "definuje základní ekonomický problém spoleènosti jako alokaci vzácných zdrojù mezi alternativní zpùsoby použití" 2 . Tato definice možná sama o sobì nepøedstavuje pøekážku, nebo• je natolik široká, aby umožnila zmìnu prostøedkù ekonomického výzkumu èi zdùraznìní rùzných jevù tuto alokaci ovlivòujících. Obtíže ale mùže pùsobit takové pojetí ekonomie, které se vìnuje výhradnì problému, jaké jsou podmínky optimální alokace a který systém je dokáže øešit nejlépe -zda trh nebo stát. "Støedem zájmu se stávají tržní nedokonalosti, externality a tržní selhání, protože zde jsou spory o zpùsob efektivní alokace politicky vyhrocené a ekonomové se mohou pøít o alternativní øešení." (Holman, 2001, s. 2) Prudkost tìchto sporù, oživovaná politickými vlivy, dává snadno zapomenout na to, že existují i jiná pojetí ekonomie, že existující základní problém ekonomie byl možná špatnì vyložen 3 . Stejnì tak lze snadno

The paper analyses and proposes an answer to the question of how the Russian revolution is reflected in the work of John Maynard Keynes. The starting point of the analysis is an interesting yet not very well known episode of the economist?s life: a period when Keynes, then a British Treasury official, was entrusted with the task of creating a currency for Northern Russia. The ensuing design and architecture of the North Russian rouble virtually became an opportunity for Keynes to put into practice some of his general currency-related ideas, and the entire project influenced Keynes?s economic thought in two specific ways. First, the Russian experience can be traced in the economist?s reflections on two fundamentally different financial policies: the inflationary approach adopted by the Bolsheviks, and the anti-inflationary strategy of the British government. Keynes made use of his experience with the Russian hyperinflation in a multitude of his works, especially in the papers on inflation and its consequences. Second, certain elements of the project influenced the actual formation of Keynes?s view on the function and balancing of the international monetary markets. This part is based on monitoring the continuity of thoughts and actions, starting from India Currency and Finance and ending with the North Russian rouble and the design of the bancor.

The work of Adam Smith is often interpreted as a justification of the natural order of economy, an apology which harmonizes individual and public interests. In addition to the concern for the economic system, Smith's books comprise valuable passages in which the role of the state is explored within its both negative and positive implications. Generally, the corpus of his work includes three problem areas of fundamental importance for public economics. The first of these fields consists in the presentation of the tendency toward reciprocity as a significant trait of human behaviour. The second main topic constitutes a definition of the role of the State in economy, and it is based not only on the strictly economic assumption that the State ought to finance activities not profitable for a private person, but also on numerous exceptions. The third central issue then concerns the opportunism of individuals in its various forms. As the outlined topics are crucial for public economics, a further insight into Adam Smith's ways of approaching them may be rewarding.