During a nine-month period we studied an infant with congenital atresia of the ,esophagus, surgically produced gastric and esophageal fistulas, marasmus, and a depression. After recovery from the depression and the marasmic state, we encountered a striking behavioral pattern which we have called the depressionwithdrawal reaction. This reaction typically occurred when the infant was confronted alone by a stranger and was characterized by

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