ECHO was initially designed to train primary care providers to improve the management of hepatitis C and other medical specialty problems in their communities by creating innovative telehealth-enabled peer learning groups. Using ECHO, a medical specialist in a particular disease, accompanied by a panel of experts from other medical disciplines, leads a series of sessions on management of the disease. The didactic portion of the sessions is minimized, so the greater part of learning occurs through interactive case presentation and discussion among participants. ECHO is based on the principles of social cognitive, situational learning, and community of practice theories (Socolovsky et al., 2013). This article describes an approach to adapting the ECHO health care training model for the public health workforce.
The first successful attempts initiating mankind's history of flight were flights with airplanes without engines. These flights were performed by Otto Lilienthal in the last decade of the 19th century in Germany and by the Wright brothers in the first years of the past century in the USA. With the installation of an engine the Wright brothers were the forerunners of the development of modern aviation. For some time the interest in flying unpowered airplanes, later called gliders or sailplanes, faded away. In the twenties a remarkable rebirth of sailplanes occurred, leading to sailplanes now capable of covering distances of up to 3000 km with average speeds of around 200 km/h, using as single source of propulsion the energy inherent in the atmosphere. The present paper describes important milestones• in the use of natural energy resources;• in the strategy of flying and,• in the technical development of sailplanes. In addition, ideas are discussed with respect to the further improvement of sailplane performance in the coming century.
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