Institutional altruism in the form of a public-sector intervention and support for victims and social altruism generated by mutual aid and solidarity among citizens constitute a coming together in a crisis. This coming together and mutual support precipitate a decrease in crime rates during such an event. This paper presents an analysis of daily fluctuations in crime during the prolonged ice storms in Quebec, Canada, in January 1998 that provoked an electrical blackout. Of particular interest are the principal crisis-related influences on daily crime patterns. A first series of analyses examines the impact of altruistic public-sector mobilisation on crime. A significant decline in property crime rates was noticed when cheques were distributed to crisis victims in financial need in Montérégie, and hence they were attributable to public intervention (institutional altruism). Moreover, the rate of social altruism (financial donations), which was more substantial in adjoining rather than distant regions, was inversely proportional to crime rates.

2015),"Admitting scientific expert evidence in the UK: reliability challenges and the need for revised criteria -proposing an If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Federal Assault Weapon Ban. Incidents and fatalities increased after 2004.Research limitations/implications -Of necessity, the paper adopts a conservative FBI-based definition of mass shootings that limits the number of cases captured. The absence of an official government US database also most likely limits the number of cases identified. Practical implications -The findings lend support to policy considerations regarding regulating access to firearms.Originality/value -The paper is unique in comparing mass shootings in these two jurisdictions over three decades in association with changes in firearms regulation.■ the need to demonstrate "genuine reason" to obtain, possess or use a firearm (and where "personal protection" would not be considered such a reason); ■ uniform standards for firearm security and storage; and

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Since the end of the Second World War, police cooperation has experienced several transformations affecting the conduct of law enforcement operations across jurisdictions. These critical changes emerged from global legal, political and socioeconomic trends that constantly redefining the nature, structure and the role of actors involved in policing cooperation. For instance, the creation of vast free trade zones in North America, Europe and Asia has provided an important momentum for collaboration and coordination among national justice systems and the protection of the sovereignty of states. Moreover, the evolution of transnational criminal networks and the internationalization of terrorist activities have directly contributed to the multiplication of law enforcement and intelligence initiatives that transcends local and national jurisdictions. The so-called wars on crime, drug and terrorism ranging from 1960’s to 2010’s have generated the deployment of a formidable web of policing activities across the globe. In the 21st Century, a complex assemblage of public and private actors conducts police cooperation activities. These actors operate at several levels of geographical jurisdictions and cooperate through different organizational structures and legal frameworks.

Suite à la restructuration de la carte policière au Québec, il appert que le renseignement criminel joue un rôle de premier plan dans l'optimisation des services de police et dans les stratégies de lutte contre la criminalité. Dans cet article, nous examinons quels sont les principaux défis liés au développement d'une communauté du renseignement criminel au Québec. Plus précisément, nous prêtons une attention toute particulière à la formation et au renouvellement des compétences dans ce domaine. En retraçant les principales défaillances qu'ont connu les services de renseignement au cours de la dernière décennie et en nous inspirant des propos recueillis lors d'un séminaire sur la formation en renseignement, nous dressons dans un premier temps un profil sommaire des compétences requises à l'exécution de cette fonction policière. Par la suite, nous décrivons les efforts déployés dans le but d'élaborer une formation universitaire adaptée aux besoins des services de renseignement. Finalement, nous examinons comment cette formation pourrait contribuer à l'imputabilité des organisations policières.