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Patients presenting for vascular surgery frequently have multiple comorbidities associated with increased surgical risk. Additionally, certain types of vascular surgery can induce stress on the patient and create increased risk for complications. These factors often necessitate closer monitoring to facilitate early intervention. The anesthesiologist may elect to perform certain invasive procedures to aid in perioperative care. Procedures reviewed include placement of peripheral intravenous catheters, arterial catheters, central venous catheters, pulmonary artery catheters, and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drains. For each procedure, this chapter discusses clinical applications, contraindications, site selection, required equipment and setup, placement techniques, potential usage of ultrasound guidance, and possible complications.