Introduction the breast cancer affects all aspects of the patient's life. To assess the psychological of patients with breast cancer at University Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville. It is a transversal study carried out in the carcinology service of University Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville. The data collection took place in face-to-face mode into 2 stages; the first is a census of patients with breast cancer diagnosis showed to anatomy-pathology. The second is an individual interview on an epidemiological survey, clinical and therapeutic; then a survey on psychological distress on anxiety, depression and self-esteem. It took place from 1 st January 2019 to 31 st august 2019. One hundred and fifty (150) patients were quested. The Epi.info software and SPSS 25 allowed the data analysis. It was a cohort mostly formed with women (96%) The patients of middle age was 50.14 (utmost from 21 to 28 years old). The prevalence of psychological distress was 82%, depression and anxiety respectively; then 38% of patients showed a very week self-esteem. The associated factors with distress were: the developed stage of breast cancer (metastasis), side effects, aftermath related to the treatments, problems faced. It stands out that breast cancer has an aftereffect on psychological sphere of patients with breast cancer, showing an increase of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, together with the loss of self-esteem.