Abstract-The rice bug is a significant pest that attacks wet rice fields Rice bug egg parasitoids can be used as a biological control for this pest in the field. Successful parasitoid mass rearing in the laboratory depends on optimum temperatures to ensure the fitness of the adults that are introduced into the field. The objectives of this research were to determine the parasitization levels of rice bug egg parasitoids from two areas in West Pasaman Regency; one in the lowlands (Kinali 56 m asl) and the one at a higher altitude in the foothills (Talamau 47 m asl). Then the best temperature for parasitoid rearing was determined for the dominant parasitoid. A purposive sampling method was used for collecting the rice bug egg samples which were collected along 1 km transect lines in the rice fields. A descriptive method was used to report the parasitization levels. Rearing temperature treatments for the dominant rice bug egg parasitoids in the laboratory were 20 o C, 25 o C, 30 o C and one batch raised as a control with no temperature regulation. 20 replications were conducted for each treatment. The data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (Statistics 8). The main species of rice bug egg parasitoids found were Hadronotus leptocorisae and Ooencyrtus malayensis with parasitization levels in the lowlands of 6.4% and 2.2% and the foothills of 28.4 % and 3.1% respectively. The best temperature for mass rearing parasitoid in the laboratory was 25 o C, and they had the longevity of 22.6 ± 5.4 days.

No abstract

Differences in location and rhizosphere cause differences in species diversity and population of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). In addition, not all AMF have the same morphological and physiological characteristics, therefore it is very important to know their identity. This study aims to determine the presence and number of spores as well as to determine the morphological characteristics of AMF originating from the rhizosphere of several horticultural crops in the agricultural land of Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic. The method used in this research is descriptive exploratory method by means of purposive sampling for soil sampling. While the stages of this research include: taking and collecting data in the field, determining the point of location for soil sampling, taking soil samples, analyzing soil properties in the laboratory, isolating AMF spores and identifying AMF spores morphologically. The conclusions of this study are 1) The population of AMF spores in horticultural land is high. The highest spore population was found in soil samples of the root area of shallot plants (556 spores per 10 g of soil), while the lowest number of spores was in soil samples of eggplant root areas (271 spores per 10 g of soil), 2) AMF exploration in several horticultural crops in the agricultural land of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, based on morphological identification (shape, color and size), the AMF found consisted of three genera, namely Glomus sp, Gigaspora sp, and Scutelospora sp.

Keanekaragaman parasitoid pada telur walang sangit penting untuk diketahui agar dapat digunakan sebagai agen pengendali hayati hama tersebut di lapangan. Walang sangit merupakan hama penting pada tanaman padi di Sumatera Barat, termasuk Kabupaten Tanah Datar yang umumnya dikendalikan dengan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat parasitisasi, mortalitas, dan indeks keanekaragaman parasitoid yang ditemukan dalam telur walang sangit. Penentuan lokasi sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive random sampling dan pengumpulan sampel telur walang sangit dilakukan di sepanjang 1 km garis transek di lokasi lahan padi sawah. Lokasi sampel yang dipilih adalah Lubuak Bauak (630 m dpl) yang mewakili daerah dataran sedang dan Rao-Rao (890 m dpl) yang mewakili daerah dataran tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat parasitisasi parasitoid pada telur walang sangit di Lubuak Bauak sekitar 41% dan di Rao-Rao sekitar 28%. Mortalitas parasitoid di laboratorium (252 m dpl) cukup tinggi yaitu masing-masing 60% dan 80%. Jenis parasitoid yang ditemukan di Lubuak Bauak yaitu Hadronotus leptocorisae dan Ooencyrtus malayanensis, sedangkan di Rao-Rao hanya Hadronotus leptocorisae. Indeks keanekaragaman parasitoid pada telur walang sangit menurut Shannon-Weinner tergolong rendah yaitu sebesar 0,6.

Jorong Ganting Taram farmers cultivating rice using conventional systems, production is still low, namely ± 4.5 tons h-1 . The Ganting Malay Farmers Group is a pioneer to change the SRI method of rice cultivation with cow urine POC technology with EM4 activator and indigenous microbes. The purpose of implementing this community service is to increase rice production at a lower cost so as to increase yields and farmers' opinions. Activities are carried out in three ways: a) Socialization and Counseling, b). Training to make cow urine POC, c) SRI method rice demonstration plot with cow urine POC. The results of the socialization and extension of rice using the SRI and POC methods of cow urine with EM4 activator and indigenous microbes gave good value to the understanding of the material and the ability to implement. The training on making cow urine POC and applied to the rice demonstration plot using the SRI method increased the growth and yield of rice compared to the conventional system. Conclusion: SRI method of rice cultivation with cow urine POC technology increases rice yields and farmers' income.