is paper will investigate a brief intellectual history of Rafet Bey, an Ottoman statesman who was appointed as consul-general in Batavia in the early twentieth century. In this paper, intellectual and global history will be the main approach to analyze relations between the Ottomans and the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) in the early twentieth century, especially during the First World War. e appointment of Rafet Bey as Ottoman consul in Batavia coincided with a moment of strength for the Dutch East Indies, after conquering Aceh and other Indonesian regions. On the other hand, the emergence of the Armenian question also caused some difficulties in Ottoman foreign policy at the time. In short, a brief intellectual biography of Rafet Bey is important because it allows deeper analysis on Ottoman-Indonesia relations in the early twentieth century.

Rare newspapers are one of the primary sources that can be used in historical research. Historians often use newspapers as a source of research. Therefore historians often come to the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia to conduct consultations on newspaper collections. Librarians should help historians find this main source. Thus, this research explains how the rare newspaper collection can be useful for historians in researching global history. The method used in this paper was descriptive qualitative. This method conducted a description and analysis to a research object, where the researcher a qualitative analysis of the research object. This study surveyed ten newspapers and sorted them into six papers, which were then analyzed. From the study results, the authors found that six rare newspapers in the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia could be used as a primary source in researching global history. The six papers were 'Oetoesan Hindia', 'Pancaran Warta', 'Keng Po', 'Warta Hindia', 'Pemandangan', and 'Soeara Oemoem.’ The conclusions of this research are; first, newspapers can be used as a primary source of global history because they contain writings that respond to global dynamics. Second, criteria for newspapers that can be used as a source of global history research are those that provide information and opinions on global developments.

AbstrakMakalah ini membahas sudut pandang Republik Turki dalam Konferensi AsiaAfrika (KAA) di Bandung dari sudut pandang sejarah Turki dan global. Makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa kecurigaan Turki terhadap KAA bukan sekadar karena posisinya sebagai anggota Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara (NATO), tetapi juga memiliki akar intelektual sejak abad ke-18 ketika Turki masih di bawah pemerintahan negara Usmani. Dengan melihat akar tersebut, makalah ini menunjukkan mengapa Turki lebih mudah mengidentifikasikan diri sebagai Muslim Barat dibanding Muslim Asia yang sekaligus mempengaruhi posisi mereka dalam KAA di Bandung.

Artikel ini membahas manajemen dan aplikasi sistem wakaf pada periode kekuasaan Usmani pada masa klasik (1453-1600). Kota Istanbul di Turki dipilih sebagai studi kasus karena kota ini merupakan kota yang sangat berperan penting dalam jalannya sejarah Islam dan global pada periode modern awal. Istanbul menjadi kota yang menengahi peradaban Islam dan Barat, sekaligus sebagai lalu lintas ekonomi antara Eropa dan Asia. Periode 1453-1600 merupakan periode penting dalam sejarah Usmani, khususnya dalam melihat peran wakaf dalam kehidupan sosial ekonomi. Dalam makalah ini, sistem wakaf memberikan peran penting bagi perkembangan kota Istanbul. Selain itu, Istanbul dan sistem wakafnya tak dapat dipisahkan dari kebijakan politik Usmani untuk menunjukkan legitmasinya sebagai penguasa alam semesta (universal).

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