Both 2% and 4% lidocaine administered topically by a spray-as-you-go technique can provide clinically acceptable intubating conditions for awake FOI in sedated patients with a difficult airway. As compared with 4% lidocaine, however, 2% lidocaine requires a smaller dosage and results in lower plasma concentrations.

Background: Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) is an RNA-binding protein that has been linked to stress responses. Results: Tudor-SN is a potential substrate of G 1 /S phase Cdks, and promotes cell cycle progression by facilitating E2F-1-mediated gene transcription. Conclusion:Tudor-SN is a new regulator of the G 1 /S transition. Significance: This study reveals a new function of Tudor-SN and elucidates a novel mechanism for cell cycle regulation.

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