LESH is a safe, feasible and minimally invasive approach and has no different impact on stress responses compared to LH. It may be a reasonable alternative to apply in clinical practice by experienced laparoscopic physicians.

Pancreatic duct stent-ing is a safe and effective procedure that may afford sufficient PD decompression to reverse the process of ABP, show better outcomes as compared to no-stent group. It is recommended to reduce the incidence of the complication in the emergency ERCP of ABP but difficult sphincterotomy. However, further prospective trials are needed.

Although preliminary, the findings in this study do not currently support the assumption that NOTES is less invasive than laparoscopy. Further research is required to confirm these findings.

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