This research was conducted in Agricultural Technical College of Halabja, Sulaimani Polytechnic University. The aim of this study was to evaluate the numbers of days taken for mycelium developing, initiation of primordia, pinheads, harvesting stages, yield, the biological efficiency (%), and percent quality (protein, carbohydrates, fiber, fat and moisture) contents of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on five different substrates: Wheat stalk alone and in combination with wheat bran, gypsum and soil. The highest rate of spawn run (21.50 day) discovered from control E and the lowest (14.75 days) was found in treatment C. The longest period of days taken for initiation of primordia from treatment E 100% wheat was (33.50 days), and the shortest (15.75 days) was found in treatments C and D. The highest yield (333.2±2 g) was obtained from tereatment A 88% wheat, which was not singnificantly higher than the other treatments. The total yield was collected from three flushes of harvested mushroom. The lowest yield (295.9±2 g) was observed from treatment D 52% wheat. Protein content in treatment D 52% wheat gave the highest value (24.28%), and the lowest protin content (17.35%) was shown by treatment E 100% wheat. Total fiber content in treatment E 100% wheat was significantly higher than other substrates, and the highest level of fiber (23.83%) was taken from treatment B 76% wheat, and the lowest (16.53%) was taken from treatment D 52% wheat.

Renewable plant materials are regarded as one of the most affirmative option for the production of fuels and chemicals. With the concept of pyrolysis process, there is every possibility to produce alternative sources of energy and fuels from renewable biomass. The study depicts the production, optimization and characterization of bio-oil from pyrolyzed groundnut shell using fabricated reactor. The pyrolysis process was produced with bio-oil response, bio-char response and non condensable gases response as products. The effect of pyrolysis variables were observed by the production of the bio-oil as the response. Sixty runs of pyrolysis experiments were suggested by box Benkhen design indicated optimum pyrolysis condition at particle size of 1.15mm mesh, reaction time of 83 mins and temperature of 650oC. The maximum bio-oil yield was obtained with 33.91% at optimum condition. The bio-oil samples had better performance which met the specifications for the measured properties and compares well with the ASTM standard. Therefore, using groundnut shell for bio-oil production via pyrolysis process can serve as an approach of providing a sustainable alternative source of fuel and friendly environment.