A removable appliance is a device that modifies mandibular posture and transmits the resultant forces created by muscles and soft tissues to underlying and surrounding anatomical structures in a controlled manner. The resulting variation of the neuromuscular environment thus produces the required tooth movement along with the needed advancements in growing patterns. The necessity and requirement of early treatment is to modify the existing and developing malocclusions and muscular derangements before the attainment of growth completion of permanent dentition. Frankel Function Regulator (FR) is a device which functions on the principle of functional orthopedics in unity with muscle gymnastics (muscle exercises) and thereby results in morphological changes in both the jaws hence re-establishing the desirable normal occlusion.

Age is one of the important factors in assessing the identity of a person. Age can be estimated in different methods like, using chronological age, skeletal age and dental age. The use of radiographs for age estimation is characteristic of techniques that involve observation of the morphologically distinct stages of mineralization. The age estimation is based on the degree of formation of root and crown structures, and the developmental stages of teeth. Several methods have been developed to estimate age based on dental tissue and tooth morphology, like morphologic, radiographic, histological and biochemical methods. Some of these methods are especially developed to estimate the age at death as they require sectioning, while others may also be used in clinical situations. Majority of the cases concerning age estimation are performed on living people. Since 1896, an year after the discovery of radiation, Xrays are used in forensic sciences,to demonstrate the presence of lead bullets inside the head of a victim. Dental radiography has been used for age estimation since 1982.Dental findings assessed by radiography are an important source of information in forensic odontological age determination. Age estimation up to puberty can be performed by development process, dental radiographs (intraoral periapical radiographs, bitewing radiographs, orthopantomographs) or by a combined radiographic technique of the third molar tooth staging development and hand wrist and cervical vertebrae radiographs. But, after third molar development, it becomes increasingly difficult to assess age accurately. Only the aging process and regressive changes of teeth are helpful at adult age.