Propolis, A raucaria angustifolia, B accharis dracunculifolia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Botanical Origin Propolis and plant secretions from three species, most frequently mentioned as botanical sources of the bee glue in Brazil (B accharis dracunculifolia, A raucaria angustifolia and E u ca lyptus citriodora) have been investigated using GC-MS. Based on chemical evidence, B. dra cunculifolia was shown to be the main propolis source in Säo Paulo state. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of all four materials were also tested, the most active being propolis and B accharis leaf exudate.

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The main phenolic constituents from Brazilian propolis, originating from Sao Paulo State, were isolated and identified: three flavonoids, a prenylated coumaric acid and two new benzopyranes, E and Z 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-8-prenyl-2H-benzopyranes