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Isovolemic perfusion of 50% of the recipient circulating blood volume was carried out in intact mongrel dogs using whole donor blood as well as plasma or platelet suspensions in saline. Perfusion against the background of circulating red blood cells (RBC) or platelet antibodies in the donor or in the recipient was followed by severe and sometimes fatal homologous blood syndrome in a majority of the dogs. Weak and short-term reactions were seen in a few dogs if red blood cells and platelet antibodies were absent.