Among the significant number of grain cereals used for the production of solid kinds of biofuels in the form of fuel pellets and briquettes as the acceptable raw material is biomass of switch grass, or “virgate millet”. The main purpose of the research was to substantiate a new approach for determination of the optimal seeding rate and calculation of the yield of biomass of switch grass by means of application of morphometric indices of leaf surface area and mass of the aboveground part, determining the statistical relationships between them. It is determined that the leaf surface area and the mass of the aboveground part of the switch grass consist of the sum of the plant area; mathematical calculations based on correlations were used to obtain it. The correlation coefficient between the surface area of the leaves on the shoot and its height is calculated. The maximum leaf area of virgate millet plants can be achieved at a seeding rate of 4.0–4.5 million seeds/ha, which makes it possible to form in the first year of vegetation 70–80 plants per linear meter. The height of the stem and the number of leaves on it has the greatest influence on the leaf surface area and the mass of stems of switch grass plants. The close multiple correlations between the leaf surface area and the mass of the stem and its height and the number of leaves on it make it possible to calculate the leaf surface area and stem mass based on morphometric indices of switch grass plants. The results of determination of the indices of yield formation of switch grass depending on the morphometric data of the leaf surface area and the mass of the ground shoot are presented.

Мета. Вивчити вплив удосконалених технологій внесення дефекату на динаміку родючості, фізико-хімічні та агрохімічні властивості сірого лісового слабокислого ґрунту та чорнозему вилугуваного слабокислого, продуктивність буряків цукрових за біологізації систем удобрення в умовах Правобережного і Центрального Лісостепу України. Методи. Здійснено фізико-хімічні й агрохімічні аналізи ґрунту, фенологічні спостереження за ростом і розвитком рослин. Результати. Найдієвішою на ґрунтово-вбирний комплекс сірого лісового слабокислого ґрунту та чорнозему типового вилугуваного слабокислого визначено 1,5 норми СаСО 3 за Н г (9,0 та 7,5 т/га у фізичній вазі). При цьому досягнуто максимальної нейтралізації кислотності ґрунтів: показник рН сол ґрунтового розчину підвищився до 7,2 та 6,9, гідролітична кислотність ґрунтів знизилася до 0,42 та 1,0 смоль/кг ґрунту з підвищенням суми ввібраних основ до 25,7 та 28,5 смоль/кг ґрунту і ступеня насичення основами до 95,3 та 97,0%. Найефективнішою нормою дефекату щодо впливу на вміст основних елементів живлення в сірому лісовому Агроекологія, радіологія, меліорація АГРОЕКОЛОГІЯ, РАДІОЛОГІЯ, МЕЛІОРАЦІЯХімічна меліорація кислих ґрунтів з відтворенням і регулюванням їх родючості за біологізації систем удобрення в умовах Лісостепу України

Yaltushkovska experimental-selection station of the Institute of biopower crops and sugar beet of NAAS,

The article highlights the results of evaluation of the formation of biosecurity quality indicators of bioenergetic crops (Miskanthus, Swiggrass, Energy Willow) by indicators that determine the productivity of raw materials and their suitability for use on biofuel purposes. The modern literature devoted to issues of peculiarities of phytobioenergetics in Ukraine and features of mineral nutrition of crop data is worked out. The hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period of energy crops during the years of research have been analyzed and a detailed description of the agrochemical properties of the soil in the arable layer for the cultivation of bioenergetic plants and the conditions and methods of conducting the research are given. It has been established that the variation of the studied agrochemical indicators of soils by years is generally insignificant and makes up for the content of humus - 17%, for the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - 32.5%, for the content of mobile phosphorus -12%, for the content of exchangeable potassium - 22 %, and the coefficient of variation of the pH of the soil solution does not exceed 4%, which indicates the relative homogeneity of the soil cover within the studied area. Conclusions are made regarding the accumulation of a number of chemical substances from the soil in the plant mass of the above cultures and, accordingly, the general conclusion about the demand for energy crops for agrochemical elemental soil provision. The aspects of the influence of agrochemical properties of the soil on the value of bio-raw materials of these cultures in terms of their bioenergetic application, taking into account the life of the plantation, are analyzed. A chemical analysis of the above-ground part of bioenergetic plants was conducted, and it was established that the maximum nitrogen content of 1.0% was obtained in the stems of the switchgear and energy willow in 2017, phosphorus - 0.85% also in the stems, but the plants of the miscanthus and potassium - 3.48 % in the leaves of plants of miskanthus and energy willow in 2017. In general, based on the evaluation of the chemical composition of high-energy crops, the prospects for using their biomass as a source of bioenergy production. Annotated directions of improvement of the composition of energy biosources at the expense of optimization of agrochemical soil regimes.

8 Yaltushky research-selection station of Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet of NAAS, v. Yaltushkiv, Bar District, Vinnytsia oblast, 23021, Ukraine, 9, 10 Uladovo-Liulinetska research-selection station of Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet of NAAS, Uladivske, Kalynivka Region, Vinnytsia oblast, 22412, Ukraine; е-mail: 1 -6 sugarbeet@ukr.net, 7, 8 vmvdss@ukr.net, 9, 10 uldss1888@ukr.net The purpose. To determine optimum dozes and ways of use of defecate which provide stabilization of acid-alkaline balance of grey forest sub-acidic soil and leached sub-acidic chernozem at biologization of cultivation of sugar beet in conditions of Right-bank and Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Physical-and-chemical, agrochemical analysis of soil and plants. Results. The most efficient for soilabsorbing complex of grey forest sub-acidic soil were 1,5 dose of СаСО3 on hydrolytic acidity (CaCO3 (9,0 t/hectare in physical weight) with the background of level-by-level entering of organic-mineral fertilizers.Thus it was achieved the maximal neutralization of acidity of soil: parameter рНsalt of soil solution has increased up to 7,2, hydrolytic acidity of soil lowered to 0,42 mg-eq/kg of soil with simultaneous increase of the sum of absorbed bases up to 25,7 mg-eq/kg of soil and degree of saturation with bases to 95,3%.At entering ameliorant under plowing on leached typical sub-acidic chernozem in 1,5 dose of CaCO3 (7,5 t / hectare in physical weight) they fixed increase of рНsalt up to 6,9, that corresponded to neutral degree of acidity of soil. At that dose of ameliorant hydrolytic acidity of soil dropped to 1,50 mg-eq/kg of soil with simultaneous increase of the sum of absorbed bases up to 28,5 mg-eq/kg of soil. Content of mobile links of calcium (СаО) increased up to 175 mg-eq/kg of soil with simultaneous increase of mobile magnesium (МgO) up to 24 mg-eq/kg of soil. Conclusions. Use of defecate on sub-acidic grey forest soil and leached sub-acidic typical chernozem at biologization of cultivation of sugar beet promotes stabilization of acid-alkaline balance of soils.