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This study emphasizes the high prevalence of CD in patients with DM. Although several patients already had positive EMA titers at the onset of DM, seroconversion may also occur during the course of the disease. Screening for CD with EMA or tissue transglutaminase should be included in the initial investigation of DM, but should also be repeated over time to detect late seroconversion.

The prevalence of clinically unrecognized CD, found by EMA screening, is much higher in Austrian children with diabetes than in a comparable population without diabetes. The prevalence of CD in diabetic children in Austria is distinctly lower, however, than in several other countries.