No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The conclusion from the above clinical and experimental presentation is that stabilization by using external fixation in problematic cases is the method of choice because the risk of infection is better than by using the standard methods of plating and nailing. Using external fixation based on the tubular system of ASIF we can achieve rigid stability. Correct application allows early mobilization ensuring alignment even in bone defects. This method of treatment also facilitates the care of wounds. Our experimental and clinical information provides us with the opportunity to offer a systematic classification of each individual type of external fixation and its merits, as described above in types I, II, and III and its application in different situations. Our clinical experience also shows that external fixation has greatly reduced the risk of amputation in these problematic cases, but it has not solved all the problems associated with the primary injury. The advantage of the three-dimensional external fixation type III can also be seen in the case of arthrodesis of the knee joint. Here there is a better neutralization of the bending moment, than by using type II. Finally we would like to emphasize that the external fixation is not the panacea for every problematic case and each surgeon should be well aware of its methodical and correct application, as abuse of external fixation may lead to secondary complications.

Indications and operative technics of problematic situations in the shoulder region are discussed. Methods which are commonly used at the "BG"-Accident-Hospital, Duisburg, are described in detail. Operative methods under question are arthroplasty, resection-arthroplasty and arthrodesis. The indications for the individual operative procedures are presented. Particular emphasis is laid upon the faction are discussed. Methods which are commonly used at the "BG"-Accident-Hospital, Duisburg, are described in detail. Operative methods under question are arthroplasty, resection-arthroplasty and arthrodesis. The indications for the individual operative procedures are presented. Particular emphasis is laid upon the faction are discussed. Methods which are commonly used at the "BG"-Accident-Hospital, Duisburg, are described in detail. Operative methods under question are arthroplasty, resection-arthroplasty and arthrodesis. The indications for the individual operative procedures are presented. Particular emphasis is laid upon the fact that alloarthroplasty--because of still unsolved technical problems--retains only a very narrow indication. It should be limited exclusively to older patients. Details of the operative technic for various operations are described. Apart from the common resection of the humoral head these are technically difficult; they require a surgeon who is experienced in traumatology and orthopedics.