Eradication of main stem saphenous reflux corrects IPV reflux in most cases in which reflux is confined to the superficial system. However, in patients with superficial reflux that persists postoperatively, or when there is coexistent deep venous reflux, saphenous surgery alone fails to correct IPVs reflux. In these circumstances, the only way of reliably correcting pathologic outward flow in medial calf perforating veins is to perform SEPS.

none of the haemodynamic criteria by SP and TCD resulted absolutely reliable in predicting the need for carotid shunt.

There was no difference in subtle cerebral damage between patients randomized to receive a shunt or not.

clinical state of ICA stenosis is independent of cerebral haemodynamics. Occluded contralateral ICA is more important for predicting cerebral ischaemia caused by carotid clamping. Finally, none of the haemodynamic parameters showed predictive value for peri-operative neurologic morbidity.

No abstract