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Prognosis of peribronchial infiltration is similar to N2 disease. In situ carcinoma does not influence survival per se. Local control of disease is probably in part due to radiotherapy. However, the high prevalence of unrelated late deaths suggests an adverse impact of radiotherapy on survival.

Not only pT classification and pN status but also the number of the lymph nodes invaded and the tumor volume should be considered as essential prognostic indicators, and any clinical trial developed should stratify accordingly.

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