The suction pattern for breast and bottle feeding in two groups of preterm infants is described. The time elapsed between birth and the moment of suction was longer in preterm neonates born at lower gestational ages for both groups studied, breast and bottle fed (figure 1). The evolution of suckling in breastfeeding was analyzed in a composite study (longitudinal and transverse) in a group of 16 neonates starting from 32 weeks of gestation. The velocity of milk extraction during suckling varied with gestational age. It was uniform at lower gestational ages, then it became faster in the first minutes and at the 36th week, it was very similar to that of mature neonates (figure 2 and table I). The evaluation of bottle feeding was performed in a transverse study in 46 preterm neonates which had been exclusively bottle fed during 1 or 2 weeks. All of them had previously been fed using an orogastric tube. Nourishing time was shorter than in breastfeeding; the average duration was 3.7 minutes (table II). The greatest volume was ingested in the first minute, 40% (range between 44 and 25%) (figure 3). The frequency of suction did not change the duration of feeding, but it was found that the efficiency of suction (number of suctions to ingest 1 cc) was significantly lower in the first minute (Anova, p < 0.05) (figure 4).

P atron saint festivals are the expression of the heritage of social, cultural and ecological resources and those festivals have managed to perpetuate, despite the conditions and determinants of modernization. There are reconfiguration processes in the different areas of community life, especially in patron saint festivals, caused by the confrontation between modernity and tradition. In the present research, a study of the patron saint festivals in the District of Tlaxiaco was carried out with the aim of recognizing the importance of the organization and relationship with social and cultural expressions. The methodological strategy included the ethnographic documentation of thirteen festivals in different municipalities during 2017 and the application of a questionnaire in 2018. The results show the existence of great diversity and regional dynamics, with a year-round interaction of municipal groups by means of civil and religious organizations; sustained in the exercise of social commitment making possible to recreate the community principle of solidarity. An essential patrimonial bulwark of communities.

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