Modern socially-oriented policy in Russia prioritizes the complex of prevention activities with the use of modern health-saving technologies. At that it is necessary to substantiate methodologically and methodically integrated quantitative and qualitative characteristics, based on which evaluation of the types of functioning and conditions of life affecting health and quality of human life is possible. On the basis of specially developed complex program (15 scales) the study of the quality of life and health of the urban working population of St. Petersburg (n=2276) was executed. The method of the determination of the risk groups according to types of functioning and health groups was developed. Performed medico-social and clinical-statistical study allowed to identify changes of the quality of life indices according to the type of functioning at various conditions and characteristics of life and health. According to indices of the quality of life there was revealed the high proportion of urban residents in groups of relative and absolute risk. Especially significant decrease in the quality of life indices in these groups was noted on indices of socio-hygienic functioning, socio-economic well-being, socio-psychological comfort, social adaptation, recreational activities, medico-social activity and prevention activities. There was established a higher probability of the formation of chronic disease and the decrease in the satisfaction with the quality of life in urban residents in groups of the absolute risk with dissatisfaction with the living conditions and livelihoods. The proposed scales and types of functioning in the structure of health-related quality of life can be used in a comprehensive hygienic studies implemented on the basis of a risk assessment methodology, under comparison of indices of livelihoods and satisfaction with living conditions, in complex evaluation of the efficiency of medical preventive, social and environmental programs