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The main results of theoretical and experimental researches concerning the physical processes in a dielectric wakefield accelerator based on the accelerating wakefield excitation in a dielectric structure with the use of a long sequence of electron bunches are presented. The enhancement of the excited wakefield amplitude is achieved owing to the coherent summation of wakefields generated by separate bunches. The bunches are accelerated in the total wakefield by arbitrarily dividing the bunch sequence into the exciting and accelerated parts, by using the appropriate frequency detuning of the bunch repetition frequency with respect to the frequency of the excited principal transverse mode. The influence of plasma in the transit channel on the amplitude of excited wakefields and the focusing of driving and accelerated bunches is analyzed. K e y w o r d s: plasma-dielectric structure, electron bunch sequence, wakefield excitation, bunch acceleration, plasma frequency.

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