Antibodies to HTLV-III have been investigated in 118 multitransfused β-thalassemia patients. Thirteen patients (11.01%) were found to be positive; 3 of these 13 showed clinical and immunological signs of the lymphadenopathy syndrome. A retrospective study carried out on 65 sera has shown that at least 6 patients were negative 3 years before the present investigation. This is the first extensive study on HTLV-III infection in multitransfused β-thalassemics. It suggests that these patients are at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and related diseases.

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