Kinetics of lipase catalyzed transesterification of ethyl caprate and butyric acid was investigated. The objective of this work was to propose a reaction mechanism and develop a rate equation for the synthesis of ethyl butyrate by transesterification using surfactant coated lipase from . The reaction rate could be described in terms of Michaelis-Menten equation with a Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism and competitive inhibition by both the substrates. The values of kinetic parameters computed were V = 2.861 μmol/min/mg; K = 0.0746 M; K = 0.125 M; K acid = 0.450 M. This study indicated a competitive enzyme inhibition by butyric acid during lipase catalyzed transesterification reaction. Experimental observations had clearly indicated that the substrates as well as product act as dead-end inhibitors.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Smartphone devices are widely utilized in our daily lives. However, these devices exhibit limitations, like short battery lifetime, limited computation power, small memory size and unpredictable network connectivity. Therefore, various solutions have been projected to mitigate these limitations and extend the battery period of time with the employment of the offloading technique. In this paper, a unique framework is projected to offload intensive computation tasks from the mobile device to the cloud. This framework uses Associate in Nursing improvement model to work out the offloading decision dynamically supported four main parameters, namely, energy consumption, CPU utilization, execution time, and memory usage. Additionally, a new security layer is provided to shield the transferred data within the cloud from any attack. The experimental results showed that the framework will choose an acceptable offloading decision for various forms of mobile application tasks whereas achieving important performance improvement. Moreover, different from previous techniques, the framework will defend application knowledge from any threat.