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In this work, a novel application of hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Firefly (FF) method is proposed with an intend of determining the optimal positioning and sizing of Distributed Generators for multi-objectives. Here, the multi-objectives like minimization of loss of power, enhancement of voltage profile, and minimization of operation cost fed to inequality and equality constraints. Moreover, the developed technique is shown on IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus RDS. Here, every test system is contemplated for two diverse cases: case 1: positioning Type 1 DGs (only real power injection). Case 2: positioning Type 2 DGs (both real and reactive power injection). Finally, the experimentation outcomes attained from the developed method are evaluated with other renowned optimization methods; and the proposed method shows more efficient for multi-objectives.

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a group of low-power consumption of wireless mobile nodes that configure a wireless network without the assistance of any existing infrastructure/centralized organization. The primary aim of MANETs is to extend flexibility into the self-directed, mobile, and wireless domain, in which a cluster of autonomous nodes forms a MANET routing system. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a tool that examines a network for malicious behavior/policy violations. A network monitoring system is often used to report/gather any suspicious attacks/violations. An IDS is a software program or hardware system that monitors network/security traffic for malicious attacks, sending out alerts whenever it detects malicious nodes. The impact of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in MANETs challenging blackhole attack is investigated in this research article. The Cluster Trust Adaptive Acknowledgement (CTAA) method is used to identify unauthorised and malfunctioning nodes in a MANET environment. MANET system is active and provides successful delivery of a data packet, which implements Kalman Filters (KF) to anticipate node trustworthiness. Furthermore, KF is used to eliminate synchronisation errors that arise during the sending and receiving data. In order to provide an energy-efficient solution and to minimize network traffic, route optimization in MANET by using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) technique to determine the optimal number of clustered MANET along with energy dissipation in nodes. According to the research findings, the proposed CTAA-MPSO achieves a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 3.3%. In MANET, the PDR of CTAA-MPSO improves CTAA-PSO by 3.5% at 30% malware.

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