In the economic development of the country, the priority is to achieve a high standard of living of the people, which is largely due to food security, the degree of development of the production of agricultural raw materials and food products. It follows that the central element of the economic activity of the country as a whole and its regions is the effective development of agricultural production. The role of the agro-industrial complex as a multifunctional system should be considered from the economic, social, environmental and political perspectives. The subject of the study. Patterns of development of the agricultural market and the formation of new economic relationships of economic entities corresponding to the level of development of the market economy at the regional level. The purpose and objectives of the study. The need to critically assess the economic situation that has developed in the agricultural production of Kazakhstan, and to justify ways to improve its economic efficiency. The necessity of program-targeted regulation of the economy of agricultural production in Kazakhstan is justified: the main directions of effective development of agricultural production in Kazakhstan are identified; mechanisms for improving the efficiency of agricultural production are proposed; the main elements of socio-economic security are identified in order to improve the real economic and social situation of the rural population; measures are recommended to improve the effective use of agricultural land as the main means of production. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the further development of the methodology and applied aspects of the study of the problem of increasing the economic efficiency of agricultural production and the development of a major problem of increasing agricultural production, revealing significant reserves for the implementation of the Food Program.