Objectives: A group of 50 pregnant patients were studied with regard to the time of onset of hypercoagulation, its character and mechanisms of initiation in the development of preeclampsia. Methods: The blood coagulation characteristics, antithrombin (AT)-111 and endogenous heparin levels were studied. All of the patients were designated at risk of developing preeclampsia at the time of registration at the antenatal clinic. Results: Retrospective evaluation shows that endogenous heparin levels and AT-III activity decreased by nearly 50% within 15 days of the development of preeclarnpsia and were particularly low l-7 days before the onset of clinical signs of preeclampsia. Conclusions: These lindings indicate that abnormalities in AT activity are a marker of hypercoagulation and begin more than 2 weeks before the development of clinical signs of preeclampsia.

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The limited efficacy of hormone therapy for endometrial proliferative process (EPP) in postmenopausal patients and its side effects on the immune system functionalities have not been studied in detail. Here we assess the feasibility of hormone therapy for EPP in postmenopausal patients through evaluation of estradiol and progesterone receptor gene expression in endometrial tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The study enrolled 92 postmenopausal patients with EPP, including 37 pts with glandular-fibrous polyps, 7 pts with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH), 8 pts with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH), 31 pts with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 9 pts with highly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The PBMC isolates and endometrial samples were tested for ER⍺, ERβ, mER, PRA, PRB, mPR and PGRmC1 expression by reverse real time polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Differential changes in PBMC receptor profiles upon in vitro exposure to progesterone or mifepristone were determined for patients with endometrial polyps and healthy women. The results indicate elevated expression of ERα, ERβ, PRA, PRB, mPR and PGRmC1 by endometrial tissues in EH and elevated expression of mER, ER⍺ and PRA by PBMC in AEH, apparently reflecting suppressed functionalities of monocytes, macrophages, Т-cells and natural killer cells. Unaltered expression of the studied genes by PBMC in endometrial adenocarcinoma may reflect the incrementing tumor autonomy. In vitro, mifepristone inhibited ER⍺, ERβ, mPR, PGRmC1, PRA and PRB expression in PBMC isolated from patients with endometrial polyps. We suppose that such effects can mitigate the negative influence of sex steroid hormones on immunocompetent cells.

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In order to improve the quality of prenatal diagnostics we have evaluated and optimised the indications to the complex investigation of revealing fetal abnormalities and chromosomal diseases. Taking into account a couple of extra-factors we succeeded to prevent the birth of abnormal children in 10% cases. To assess the possibility of pregnancy complications prognosis we have ultrasonographically studied the features of extraembryonal structures development in 1st trimester pregnancy. We have observed the high prognostic value of chorionic and amniotic cavities volumes and yolk sac pathology in predicting the preterm delivery and IUGR.