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A new 2',6'-dimethoxy-4',5'-(2",2"-dimethyl)-pyranochalcone (1) and three known flavanones, namely 5-hydroxy-7methoxy-8-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-flavanone (methyl glabranin) (2), 5,7-dimethoxy-8-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-flavanone (candinone) (3) and 5-O-methyl obovatin (pongachin) (4), have been isolated from the chloroform extract of the roots of Tephrosia pulcherrima. The flavonoids were fully characterized by detailed 1D-and 2D-NMR spectroscopic investigations. The pyranochalcone 1 showed significant antimicrobial activity when tested against a series of microorganisms .

The hypobranchial gland ofMorula gramilata (Duclos) has been morphologically and histochemically characterized. The marginal zones of the gland have mucocytes and eosinophil cells while the median region has in addition ciliated cells and gland cells. Neurosensory cells are also present. Two types of mucous cells have been identified. Type I secrete a diastase-resistant, neutral mucopolysaccharide, while type II secrete PAS unreactive, strongly acidic and highly sulphated mucins. Exposure to low temperatures, ultraviolet rays and irritants resulted in the production of a purple dye.