The article considers a clinical case of treatment of one of the variants of myofascial pain syndrome – piriformis syndrome without signs of sciatic nerve neuropathy. The peculiarity of the case is the comorbidity of the opioid syndrome with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy and osteoporosis, which required the appointment of complex therapy. The diagnosis was confirmed by additional research methods: spondylography, MRI of the lumbosacral spine, ultrasound of the piriformis muscle, electroneuromyography. A patient management tactic was chosen based on federal clinical guidelines for the treatment of patients with nonspecific back pain. Treatment included non-medicinal and medicinal methods. In order to relieve pain, dexketoprofen was prescribed 2 ml intramuscularly per 2 ml of 0.5% lidocaine solution – 1 time а day No. 2 – under navigation by ultrasound. Subsequently, the transfer was made to oral administration of 25 mg 3 times а day for 3 days. A step-by-step scheme of prescribing dexketoprofen: its introduction into the piriformis muscle with subsequent transfer to oral administration allowed to significantly reduce the severity of pain after 5 days of treatment. The complex effect on the spasmodic piriformis muscle with the help of a tableted muscle relaxant in combination with postisometric relaxation made it possible to quickly stop the pain syndrome and prevent its chronization. The administration of the preparation of thioctic acid pursued two goals: to improve the metabolism of the spasmodic muscle and restore the energy metabolism of peripheral nerves. As a result of the use of complex, pathogenetically based therapy, a positive effect was achieved.